PERRL stands for what and what should be assessed?

• A. Pulse, Extremities, Respirations, and Level of consciousness.
• B. Pupils Equal, Round, and Reactive to Light; assess pupil reaction and size, plus orientation.
• C. Pupils Equal, Round, and Reactive to Light; only assess size.
• D. Pressure, Elevation, Radius, Luminosity.

Answer: (D)

PERRL means Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light. You should assess the pupils for size and equality, their shape, and how they respond to light—watch for normal constriction when light is shined and note the speed and extent of that constriction. If your exam uses the extended version, you may also assess accommodation (the pupils’ ability to constrict when focusing on a near object). This focus on pupil size and light reaction distinguishes PERRL from other elements like vital signs or broader mental status, and it highlights a specific cranial nerve function check.